“China’s changing diet is already exerting a powerful influence on domestic and international agriculture,” said Richard Ferguson, agricultural adviser to PwC and author of the report, published on October 5.
“Amid volatility in commodities markets, China’s continuing shift towards consumerism means the outlook for soft food stuffs is relativity bright.”
In 1971, the average total intake per person in China was 1,863 calories compared to 3,025 in the UK, according to the paper, China’s agricultural challenges: roads to be travelled. By 2011 the Chinese average intake was 3,074 compared to 3,414 in the UK.
Biggest change
The biggest change has been meat consumption, or animal calories, which have increased by well over 400% per person, per day since 1971, and more than doubled since 1991, PwC claims.
China has left self-sufficiency behind and has become more dependent on feedstock imports of soya bean and corn in particular. Its domestic agricultural market is shifting towards meat production, as well as higher value fruit and vegetables, the research suggests.
A number of challenges are posing a threat to supply, such as diminished viable farmland, polluted water supplies, depleted aquifers, overuse of fertilisers and land rights disputes. These mean that a new market is emerging for companies that specialise in digital mapping, traceability, soil analysis, precision farming and waste management, the report claims.
Legal barriers
China is also trying to secure its food supply lines overseas through investments in foreign farmland and the acquisition of foreign companies. Some countries are erecting legal barriers in response to land and food company purchases by buyers from countries such as China.
“Self-sufficiency is no longer a practical policy goal for China,” said Ferguson. “The government appears to recognise this with its priorities shifting towards high-value crops, such as fruits and vegetables, and a focus on quality and food safety.
“Simultaneously, China is venturing overseas to bolster its food security though investments in foreign farmland and the acquisition of companies across the broader food value chain. This is where the global impact of China’s increasing food needs will be felt most acutely. These acquisition trends, driven by domestic policy imperatives, are likely to continue.”